References & Bibliography

The evidence base behind OptoGuide, in one place — 140+ sources across guidelines, clinical trials, Australian regulatory data, standard texts and device documentation. Each module page also keeps its own references at the point of use.

How to read this page

Sources are grouped by module and by type. Primary guidelines and trials sit alongside the Australian regulatory and payment sources the data is drawn from. Secondary and tertiary references (EyeWiki, StatPearls, Merck Manual) are labelled as such. Always correlate with each patient's individual clinical context and the current primary source.

By module

The references cited within each clinical tool. Open the module to see them in context.

Myopia Management

Open module

Progression risk, optical and pharmacological control, and axial-length evidence.

Dry Eye Management

Open module

TFOS DEWS II framework, staged therapy, and Australian access to treatments.

Low Vision & Rehabilitation

Open module

Magnification, entitlement thresholds, falls evidence, and the Australian service ecosystem.

Occupational Vision

Open module

Rail, aviation, maritime, police and driving vision standards, PPE and digital eye strain.

Binocular Vision

Open module

Morgan norms, CITT vision-therapy evidence, and prism prescribing rules.

Paediatric Optometry

Open module

Prescribing thresholds, amblyopia risk factors, VA norms and Australian screening pathways.

Visual Fields Interpreter

Open module

Perimeter documentation and the reliability, terminology and glaucomatous-pattern literature.

Fitness to Drive

Open module

National vision standards and each state/territory driver-licensing authority.

By source type

Guidelines, regulatory data, standard texts and reference sources shared across modules.

Clinical guidelines & frameworks

The consensus documents and practice patterns the workflows are structured around.

Australian regulatory & payment data sources

The primary sources behind the therapeutics, Medicare and entitlement data.

Standard texts consulted

Reference textbooks used in preparing clinical content. Editions should be confirmed against the current print.

Salmon JF. Kanski’s Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic Approach — Core systematic clinical ophthalmology reference.
Kanski JJ. Signs in Ophthalmology: Causes & Differential Diagnosis — Sign-based differential diagnosis.
Bagheri N, et al. The Wills Eye Manual — Office and emergency diagnosis and treatment of eye disease.
Denniston AKO, Murray PI. Oxford Handbook of Ophthalmology — Comprehensive clinical handbook.
Tsai J, Denniston AKO, Murray PI, et al. Oxford American Handbook of Ophthalmology — US edition of the Oxford handbook.
Bruce AS, Loughnan MS. Anterior Eye Disease and Therapeutics A-Z — Anterior-segment / ocular-surface conditions and therapeutics.
Pane A, Miller NR, Burdon M. The Neuro-Ophthalmology Survival Guide — Neuro-ophthalmology triage and red-flag reference.
Scheiman M, Wick B. Clinical Management of Binocular Vision — Binocular vision and accommodative disorders.

Clinical reference sources (disease & systemic content)

Peer-reviewed and reputable tertiary sources cited across the disease, systemic-eye and drug-monitoring records. Used as clinical references, not primary trial evidence.

Device, product & standards documentation

Manufacturer and standards documentation behind device interpretation, protective eyewear and product parameters.

Australian service organisations

Referral and support organisations named in the low-vision and rehabilitation pathways.

Clinically reviewed by Dr Ankit Mathur, PhD, Grad Cert Ocu Thera, B.S. Optom

OptoGuide is a clinical decision-support resource, not a substitute for professional judgement. Guideline, regulatory and payment sources change over time — verify against the linked primary source before relying on any figure for certification or prescribing. Datasets are versioned in-app (Medicare item set, contact-lens and drug catalogues) with the effective date shown on the relevant module.